ظهر الكتاب سنة 1690 وترجم الى الفرنسية تحت إشراف مؤلفه سنة 1700
To find what personal identity consists in, we must consider
what ‘person’ stands for. I think it is a thinking intelligent being,that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as
itself, the same thinking thing at different times and places.
What enables it to think of itself is its consciousness, which
is inseparable from thinking and (it seems to me) essential to
it. It is impossible for anyone to perceive, without perceiving
that he perceives.When we see,hear, smell, taste, feel,meditate,or will anything, we know that we do so. It is
always like that with our present sensations and perceptions.
And it is through this that everyone is to himself that which
he calls ‘self’, not raising the question of whether the same
self is continued in the same substance. Consciousness
always accompanies thinking, and makes everyone to be
what he calls ‘self’ and thereby distinguishes himself from
all other thinking things; in this alone consists personal
identity, i.e. the sameness of a rational being; and as far as
this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past
action or thought, so far reaches the identity of that person;
it is the same self now that it was then; and this present self
that now reflects on it is the one by which that action was
performed. p 115.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke
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